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AF015: Lipocalin
Biochemical properties
Lipocalins are transporters for small hydrophobic molecules, such as lipids, steroid hormones, bilins, and retinoids [1]. The family also contains the enzyme prostaglandin D synthase. Lipocalins fold into an eight-stranded anti-parallel β-barrel.
Allergens from this family
Allergens from this protein family are:
- β-Lactoglobulins: β-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein of ruminant species [2]. Bos d 5 is a major cow's milk allergen [3]. Cross-reactions to milk proteins from other species were also described [4].
- Mammalian dander allergens: Lipocalins constitute the vast majority of mammalian dander allergens [5]. Examples are Can f 1 and Can f 2 from dog, Fel d 4 from cat, and Bos d 2 from cattle.
- Cytoplasmic fatty acid binding proteins: The proteins are distantly related to extracellular lipocalins and β-lactoglubulins. They were identified as minor allergens in mites (group 13) and cockroaches [6].
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References
- Grzyb J, Latowski D, Strzalka K:
Lipocalins - a family portrait.
J Plant Physiol 2006, 163, 895-915. [PubMed] [Full Text]
- Kontopidis G, Holt C, Sawyer L:
Invited review: beta-lactoglobulin: binding properties, structure, and function.
J Dairy Sci 2004, 87, 785-96. [PubMed] [Full Text]
- Wal JM:
Bovine milk allergenicity.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004, 93, S2-11. [PubMed]
- Restani P, Gaiaschi A, Plebani A, Beretta B, Cavagni G, Fiocchi A, Poiesi C, Velona T, Ugazio AG, Galli CL:
Cross-reactivity between milk proteins from different animal species.
Clin Exp Allergy 1999, 29, 997-1004. [PubMed]
- Virtanen T, Kinnunen T, Rytkonen-Nissinen M:
Mammalian lipocalin allergens--insights into their enigmatic allergenicity.
Clin Exp Allergy 2012, 42, 494-504. [PubMed] [Full Text]
- Thomas WR, Smith WA, Hales BJ, Mills KL, O'Brien RM:
Characterization and immunobiology of house dust mite allergens.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2002, 129, 1-18. [PubMed] [Full Text]
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Links to Pfam
Family-defining Pfam domains (at least one of these domains is present in each family member):
| Pfam domain |
Pfam clan |
|
PF00061
|
Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family
|
CL0116
|
Calycin superfamily
|
|
PF08212
|
Lipocalin-like domain
|
CL0116
|
Calycin superfamily
|
Links to Wikipedia
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